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Form of Government, Capital City, and Major Languages
| COUNTRY | GOVERNMENT | CAPITAL | MAJOR LANGUAGES |
| Afghanistan | Theocratic republic/transitional | Kabul | Dari, Pashton, Uzbek, Turkmen |
| Albania | Democratic | Tiranë | Albanian, Greek |
| Algeria | Military/transitional | Algiers | Arabic, Berber dialects, French |
| Andorra | Parliamentary democracy | Andorra | Catalán, French, Spanish |
| Angola | Multiparty democracy | Luanda | Portugese, indigenous |
| Argentina | Federal republic | Buenos Aires | Spanish, English, Italian, German |
| Armenia | Republic | Yerevan | Armenian, Azerbaijani, Russian |
| Australia | Federal parliamentary | Canberra | English, indigenous |
| Austria | Federal republic | Vienna | German |
| Azerbaijan | Republic | Baku | Azerbaijani, Russian, Armenian |
| Bahrain | Traditional monarchy | Manama | Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu |
| Bangladesh | Republic | Dhaka | Bangla, English |
| Barbados | Parliamentary state | Bridgetown | English |
| Belarus | Republic | Minsk | Byelorussian, Russian |
| Belgium | Constitutional monarchy | Brussels | Dutch (Flemish), French, German |
| Belize | Parliamentary state | Belmopan | English, Spanish, Garifuna, Mayan |
| Benin | Republic | Porto-Novo | French, Fon, Adja, indigenous |
| Bhutan | Monarchy | Thimphu | Dzongha, Tibetan, Nepalese |
| Bolivia | Republic | La Paz | Spanish, Quechua, Aymara |
| Bosnia- Herzegovina | Republic/transitional | Sarajevo | Serb, Croat, Albanian |
| Botswana | Parliamentary republic | Gaborone | English, Tswania |
| Brazil | Federal republic | Brasília | Portugese, Spanish, English, French |
| Brunei | Constitutional monarchy | Bandar | Malay, English, Chinese |
| Bulgaria | Republic/transitional | Sofia | Bulgarian |
| Burkina Faso | Provisional military | Ouagadougou | French, indigenous |
| Burundi | Republic/transitional | Bujumbura | French, Kirundi, Swahili |
| Cambodia | Transitional UN management | Phnom Penh | Khmer, French |
| Cameroon | Republic | Yaoundé | English, French, indigenous |
| Canada | Federal parliamentary | Ottawa | English, French |
| Cape Verde | Republic | Praia | Portugese, Crioulu |
| Central African Republic | Republic | Bangui | French, Sango, Arabic, indigenous |
| Chad | Republic | N'Djamena | Arabic, French, indigenous |
| Chile | Republic | Santiago | Spanish |
| China | Single-party communist state | Beijing | Chinese dialects |
| Colombia | Republic | Bogotá | Spanish |
| Comoros | Republic | Moroni | Arabic, French, Shaafi Islam |
| Congo | Republic | Brazzaville | French, indigenous |
| Costa Rica | Republic | San José | Spanish |
| Croatia | Parliamentary democracy | Zagreb | Croat, Serb |
| Cuba | Single-party communist state | Havana | Spanish |
| Cyprus | Republic | Nicosia | Greek, Turkish, English |
| Czech Republic | Federal republic | Prague | Czech, Slovak, Hungarian |
| Denmark | Constitutional monarchy | Copenhagen | Danish |
| Djibouti | Republic | Djibouti | French, Somali, Afar, Arabic |
| Dominica | Republic | Rosseau | English, French |
| Dominican Republic | Republic | Santo Domingo | Spanish |
| Ecuador | Republic | Quito | Spanish, Quechua, indigenous |
| Egypt | Republic | Cairo | Arabic |
| El Salvador | Republic | San Salvador | Spanish, Nahua |
| Equatorial Guinea | Republic | Malabo | Spanish, indigenous, English |
| Eritrea | Transitional government | Asmara | Afar, Bilen, Hadareb, Kunuama, Nara |
| Estonia | Republic | Tallinn | Estonian, Russian |
| Ethiopia | Republic/transitional | Addis Ababa | Amharic, Tigrinya, Orominga, Arabic |
| Fiji | Republic | Suva | English, Fijian, Hindustani |
| Finland | Republic | Helsinki | Finnish, Swedish |
| France | Republic | Paris | French |
| Gabon | Single-party republic | Libreville | French, Fang, indigenous |
| Gambia | Republic | Banjul | English, Mandinka, Wolof, Fula |
| Georgia | Republic | Tbilisi | Georgian, Russian, Armenian |
| Germany | Federal republic | Berlin and Bonn | German |
| Ghana | Parliamentary democracy | Accra | English, Akan, indigenous |
| Greece | Parliamentary democracy | Athens | Greek |
| Grenada | Parliamentary state | St. George's | English, French |
| Guatemala | Republic | Guatemala | Spanish, indigenous |
| Guinea | Republic/transitional | Conakry | French, indigenous |
| Guinea-Bissau | Single-party republic | Bissau | Portugese, Crioulo, indigenous |
| Guyana | Republic | Georgetown | English, indigenous |
| Haiti | Republic | Port-au-Prince | Creole, French |
| Honduras | Republic | Tegucigalpa | Spanish, indigenous |
| Hungary | Republic | Budapest | Hungarian |
| Iceland | Republic | Reykjavík | Icelandic |
| India | Federal republic | New Delhi | English, Hindi, Telugu, Bengali |
| Indonesia | Republic | Jakarta | Indonesian, Javanese, Sundanese |
| Iran | Theocratic republic | Tehran | Farsi, Turkish, Kurdish, Arabic, English |
| Iraq | Single-party republic | Baghdad | Arabic, Kurdish, Assyrian, Armenian |
| Ireland | Republic | Dublin | English, Irish Gaelic |
| Israel | Republic | Jerusalem | Hebrew, Arabic, English, Yiddish |
| Ivory Coast | Republic | Abidjan | French, indigenous |
| Italy | Republic | Rome | Italian |
| Jamaica | Parliamentary state | Kingston | English, Creole |
| Japan | Constitutional monarchy | Tokyo | Japanese |
| Jordan | Constitutional monarchy | Amman | Arabic |
| Kazakhstan | Republic/transitional | Alma-Ata | Kazakh, Russian, German, Ukranian |
| Kenya | Republic | Nairobi | English, Swahili, indigenous |
| Korea, North | Single-party communist state | Pyongyang | Korean |
| Korea, South | Republic | Seoul | Korean |
| Kuwait | Constitutional monarchy | Kuwait | Arabic, English |
| Kyrgyzstan | Republic/transitional | Bishkek | Kirghiz, Russian, Uzbek |
| Laos | Single-party communist state | Vientiane | Lao, French, Thai, indigenous |
| Latvia | Republic | Riga | Latvian, Russian |
| Lebanon | Republic | Beirut | Arabic, French, Armenian, English |
| Lesotho | Constitutional monarchy | Maseru | English, Sesotho, Zulu, Xhosa |
| Liberia | Republic | Monrovia | English, indigenous |
| Libya | Single-party parliamentary state | Tripoli | Arabic |
| Liechtenstein | Constitutional monarchy | Vaduz | German |
| Lithuania | Republic | Vilnius | Lithuanian, Russian, Polish |
| Luxembourg | Constitutional monarchy | Luxembourg | French, Luxembourgish, German |
| Macedonia | Republic/transitional | Skopje | Macedonian, Albanian |
| Madagascar | Republic | Antananarivo | Malagasy, French |
| Malawi | Single-party republic | Lilongwe | Chichewa, English, Tombuka |
| Malaysia | Constitutional monarchy | Kuala Lumpur | Malay, Chinese, English |
| Maldives | Republic | Male | Divehi |
| Mali | Single-party republic | Bamako | French, Bambara, indigenous |
| Malta | Parliamentary democracy | Valletta | English, Maltese |
| Mauritania | Republic/transitional | Nouakchott | Arabic, French, indigenous |
| Mauritius | Parliamentary state | Port Louis | English, Creole, Bhojpun, Hindi |
| Mexico | Federal republic | Mexico City | Spanish, indigenous |
| Micronesia | Republic | Kolonia | English, Malay-Polynesian languages |
| Moldova | Republic | Kishinev | Moldavian, Russian, Ukrainian |
| Mongolia | Single-party communist state | Ulan Bator | Khalkha Mongol, Kazakh, Russian |
| Morocco | Constitutional monarchy | Rabat | Arabic, Berber dialects, French |
| Mozambique | Republic | Maputo | Portuguese, indigenous |
| Myanmar (Burma) | Provisional military | Rangoon | Burmese, indigenous |
| Namibia | Republic | Windhoek | Afrikaans, English, German, indigenous |
| Nepal | Constitutional monarchy | Kathmandu | Nepali, Maithali, Bhojpuri, indigenous |
| Netherlands | Constitutional monarchy | Amsterdam | Dutch |
| New Zealand | Parliamentary state | Wellington | English, Maori |
| Nicaragua | Republic | Managua | Spanish, English, indigenous |
| Niger | Provisional military | Niamey | French, Hausa, Djerma, indigenous |
| Nigeria | Provisional military | Lagos/Abuja | English, Hausa, Fulani, Yorbua, Ibo |
| Norway | Constitutional monarchy | Oslo | Norwegian, Lapp |
| Oman | Traditional monarchy | Muscat | Arabic, English, Baluchi, Urdu |
| Pakistan | Federal Islamic republic | Islamabad | English, Urdu, Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi |
| Panama | Republic | Panama | Spanish, English, indigenous |
| Papua New Guinea | Parliamentary state | Port Moresby | English, Motu, Pidgin, indigenous |
| Paraguay | Republic (authoritarian) | Asunción | Spanish, Guarani |
| Peru | Republic | Lima | Quechua, Spanish, Aymara |
| Philippines | Republic | Manila | English, Pilipino, Tagalog |
| Poland | Republic | Warsaw | Polish |
| Portugal | Republic | Lisbon | Portuguese |
| Qatar | Traditional monarchy | Doha | Arabic, English |
| Romania | Republic | Bucharest | Romanian, Hungarian, German |
| Russia | Republic | Moscow | Russian, Tatar, Ukranian |
| Rwanda | Provisional military | Kigali | French, Kinyarwanda |
| St. Kitts and Nevis | Parliamentary state | Basseterre | English |
| St. Lucia | Parliamentary state | Castries | English, French |
| St. Vincent/Grenadines | Parliamentary state | Kingstown | English, French |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | Republic | São Tomé | Portuguese, Fang |
| Saudi Arabia | Islamic monarchy | Riyadh | Arabic |
| Senegal | Republic | Dakar | French, Wolof, indigenous |
| Seychelles | Republic | Victoria | English, French, Creole |
| Sierra Leone | Republic | Freetown | English, Krio, indigenous |
| Singapore | Republic | Singapore | Mandarin Chinese, English, Malay |
| Slovakia | Parliamentary democracy | Bratislava | Slovak, Hungarian, Polish |
| Slovenia | Republic/transitional | Ljubljana | Slovene |
| Solomon Islands | Parliamentary state | Honiara | English, Malay-Polynesian languages |
| Somalia | Provisional military | Mogadishu | Arabic, Somali, English, Italian |
| South Africa | Republic | Pretoria | Afrikaans, English, Zulu, Xhosa |
| Spain | Parliamentary monarchy | Madrid | Spanish, Catalan, Galician, Basque |
| Sri Lanka | Republic | Colombo | English, Sinhala, Tamil |
| Sudan | Islamic republic | Khartoum | Arabic, Dinka, Nubian, Nuer, Beja |
| Suriname | Military/transitional | Paramaribo | Dutch, Sranan Tongo, English |
| Swaziland | Monarchy | Mbabane | English, Swahili |
| Sweden | Constitutional monarchy | Stockholm | Swedish |
| Switzerland | Federal republic | Bern | German, French, Italian, Romansch |
| Syria | Republic (authoritarian) | Damascus | Arabic, Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic |
| Taiwan | Single-party Republic | Taipei | Chinese dialects |
| Tajikistan | Republic | Dushanbe | Tajik, Uzbek, Russian |
| Tanzania | Republic | Dar es Salaam | English, Swahili, indigenous |
| Thailand | Constitutional monarchy | Bangkok | Thai, indigenous |
| Togo | Single-party republic | Lomé | French, indigenous |
| Trinidad and Tobago | Parliamentary democracy | Port of Spain | English, Hindi, French, Spanish |
| Tunisia | Republic | Tunis | Arabic, French |
| Turkey | Parliamentary democracy | Ankara | Turkish, Kurdish, Arabic |
| Turkmenistan | Republic | Ashkhabad | Turkmen, Russian, Uzbek, Kazakh |
| Uganda | Republic | Kampala | English, Luganda, Swahili, indigenous |
| Ukraine | Republic | Kiev | Ukranian, Russian |
| United Arab Emirates | Federated monarchy | Abu Dhabi | Arabic, English, Farsi, Hindi, Urdu |
| United Kingdom | Constitutional monarchy | London | English, Welsh, Gaelic |
| United States | Federal republic | Washington | English, Spanish |
| Uruguay | Republic | Montevideo | Spanish |
| Uzbekistan | Republic | Tashkent | Uzbek, Russian, Kazakh, Tajik, Tatar |
| Venezuela | Federal republic | Caracas | Spanish, indigenous |
| Vietnam | Single-party communist state | Hanoi | Vietnamese, French, Chinese, English |
| Yemen | Republic | San`a | Arabic |
Yugoslavia
(Serbia-Montenegro) | Republic | Belgrade | Serb, Albanian, Hungarian |
| Zaire | Republic | Kinshasa | French, Kikongo, Lingala, Swahili |
| Zambia | Single-party republic | Lusaka | English, Tonga, Lozi, other indigenous |
| Zimbabwe | Republic | Harare | English, Shona, Sindebele |
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